

The Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE) is an independent nonprofit, nonpartisan research organization dedicated to strengthening prosperity and human welfare in the global economy through expert analysis and practical policy solutions.
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View allNations have engaged in protectionism—erecting tariffs and other barriers to curb imports and shield domestic farms, factories, and businesses from foreign competition—for hundreds of years. But since the end of World War II, the United States and its allies have sought to encourage cooperation and raise living standards by lowering these barriers through reciprocal trade and investment agreements. More recently, political, economic, and security concerns have prompted the US and many countries to revive protectionist practices. The Peterson Institute has tracked, studied and documented this trend in the US and throughout the world.
Trade and Investment Policy Watch
Chad P. Bown (PIIE) and Melina Kolb (PIIE)
Working Papers
David Steinberg (Johns Hopkins University) and Yeling Tan (PIIE)