Conference: Central bank independence in practice

Date
October 31, 2025, 8:45 AM to 4:15 PM EDT
Virtual Event

Opening Discussion: John H. Cochrane (Hoover Institution) and Lawrence H. Summers (Harvard University)

Conference proceedings compiled in PIIE Briefing 25-3: Central bank independence in practice

Watch

Welcome and introduction

Friday, October 31, 2025, 8:45 AM EDT

Adam S. Posen, PIIE

Session 1: Evidence on independence: Why is it useful? How does it work?

Friday, October 31, 2025, 9:00 AM EDT

Moderator 
David Wilcox, PIIE

Speakers: 

  • Francesco Bianchi, Johns Hopkins University
  • John H. Cochrane, Hoover Institution
  • Randall S. Kroszner, University of Chicago Booth School of Business
  • Gary Richardson, University of California, Irvine

Opening fireside conversation

Friday, October 31, 2025, 10:15 AM EDT

Lawrence H. Summers, Harvard University, with John H. Cochrane, Hoover Institution

Session 2: Accountability for an independent Federal Reserve

Friday, October 31, 2025, 11:00 AM EDT

Moderator 
Ellen Meade, Duke University

Speakers: 

  • Michael D. Bordo, Hoover Institution
  • Richard H. Clarida, PIMCO and Columbia University
  • Thomas Drechsel, University of Maryland
  • Patrick McHenry, former House Financial Services Committee

Session 3: US legal and constitutional perspectives on independence

Friday, October 31, 2025, 12:45 PM EDT

Moderator 
Anna Gelpern, PIIE

Speakers: 

  • Carola Binder, School of Civic Leadership, University of Texas at Austin
  • Lev Menand, Columbia Law School
  • Paul Tucker, Harvard Kennedy School
  • Stephen I. Vladeck, Georgetown Law School

Session 4: Independence for monetary policy vs. financial regulation and supervision

Friday, October 31, 2025, 2:00 PM EDT

Moderator 
Joyce Chang, JPMorganChase

Speakers: 

  • Adam S. Posen, PIIE
  • Amit Seru, Stanford Graduate School of Business; Hoover Institution
  • Daniel K. Tarullo, Harvard Law School
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  • Carolyn A. Wilkins, Princeton University

Session 5: Policymaker experience with independence in practice

Friday, October 31, 2025, 3:15 PM EDT

Moderator
Karen Dynan, PIIE 

Speakers: 

  • Charles L. Evans, former Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago
  • Roger W. Ferguson, Jr., PIIE Board of Directors and TIAA
  • Thomas Hoenig, George Mason University

Closing remarks

Friday, October 31, 2025, 4:00 PM EDT

John H. Cochrane and Adam S. Posen

About

Event Summary

The Peterson Institute for International Economics held a high-level conference to analyze the serious issues concerning central bank independence in practice. The proceedings were compiled as revised and extended arguments in the PIIE Briefing Central bank independence in practice. Featuring an opening discussion with John H. Cochrane (Hoover Institution) and Lawrence H. Summers (Harvard University), and leading voices from academia, policy, and finance, the conference addresses:

  • Does the evidence for the benefits of central bank independence hold up on net and through recent data?
  • What is and should be the constitutional and legal extent of the independence of Federal Reserve?
  • Does the current system of accountability—including the role of Federal Reserve Banks—serve present needs?
  • How narrowly should monetary independence be defined and how much should financial supervision be separated?
  • How have senior policymakers found the exercise of operational independence and determination of mission to work in practice?

The goal is to inform Congress, the federal courts, market participants, and the public with the latest evidence-based assessments of why the independence of the Federal Reserve should be secured and how far it should extend in practical terms.

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