Corruption and Governance | Debt Relief | Foreign Aid/Technical Assistance | Technology and Developing Countries | Transition Economies | World Bank and Regional Development Banks

 

Essential Reading Items

Book: Chasing Dirty Money: The Fight Against Money Laundering
by Peter Reuter and Edwin M. Truman
November 2004

Op-ed: Hungry for Human Rights
by Stephan Haggard, University of California, San Diego
and Marcus Noland, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in The Washington Post
September 28, 2005

Congressional Testimony

Combating Corruption in the Multilateral Development Banks
by Kimberly Ann Elliott, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee
United States Senate
Washington, DC
July 21, 2004

Op-eds

There Is Nothing Normal About Corruption
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Moscow Times
April 23, 2008

Purge or Coup?
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Moscow Times
January 9, 2008

Putin's Three-Ring Circus
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Moscow Times
December 14, 2007

Russia's New Oligarchy: For Putin and Friends, a Gusher of Questionable Deals
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Washington Post
December 12, 2007

Putinomics
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed distributed through Project Syndicate
December 3, 2007

Unmasking President Putin's Grandiose Myth
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Moscow Times
November 28, 2007

A New Prime Minister with a New Politburo
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Moscow Times
September 26, 2007

Talking Tough to Stay in Power
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Washington Post
February 18, 2007

Reverse Is the One Way Out of This Cul-de-Sac
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Moscow Times
February 14, 2007

Reforms Are Helping Africa's Diamonds Sparkle Again
by Marcus Noland, Peterson Institute for International Economics
and J. Brooks Spector, University of Witwatersrand
Op-ed in the Christian Science Monitor
December 11, 2006

Hungry for Human Rights
by Stephan Haggard, University of California, San Diego
and Marcus Noland, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in The Washington Post
September 28, 2005

After Seattle
by Jeffrey J. Schott, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in The Economist
August 24, 2000

Speeches and Papers

Drugs, Crime, Money, and Development
by Edwin M. Truman, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Remarks at the World Bank Group/International Finance Corporation Financial and Private Sector Development Forum
April 25, 2007

Books

China's Rise: Challenges and Opportunities (paper)
by C. Fred Bergsten , Charles Freeman , Nicholas R. Lardy and Derek J. Mitchell
October 2009

China's Rise: Challenges and Opportunities (hardcover)
by C. Fred Bergsten , Charles Freeman , Nicholas R. Lardy and Derek J. Mitchell
September 2008

Chasing Dirty Money: The Fight Against Money Laundering
by Peter Reuter and Edwin M. Truman
November 2004

Corruption and the Global Economy
edited by Kimberly Ann Elliott
June 1997

 

Policy Briefs

02-3: Sovereign Debt Restructuring: New Articles, New Contracts--Or No Change? [pdf]
by Marcus H. Miller, Peterson Institute for International Economics
April 2002

Congressional Testimony

Reform of the International Monetary Fund [pdf]
by C. Fred Bergsten, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Testimony before the Senate Subcommittee on International Trade and Finance
Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
June 7, 2005

Reforming the Multilateral Development Banks
by C. Fred Bergsten, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Testimony before the Subcommittee on International Trade and Finance Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
United States Senate
Washington, DC
June 8, 2000

Op-eds

Doha, RIP
by Arvind Subramanian, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Business Standard, New Delhi
July 10, 2007

The Right Way to Ease Iraq's Debt Burden
by Edwin M. Truman, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed from the Financial Times
April 28, 2003

Speeches and Papers

Modernizing Multilateralism and Markets
by Robert B. Zoellick, President, World Bank Group
Prepared remarks at the Peterson Institute event "Zoellick on Fighting Poverty in a Global Economic Crisis"
October 6, 2008

Sovereign Debt Restructuring: A US Perspective
by John B. Taylor, Under Secretary of Treasury for International Affairs
Speech at the conference "Sovereign Debt Workouts: Hopes and Hazards"
Institute for International Economics
Washington, DC
April 2, 2002

New Approaches to Sovereign Debt Restructuring: An Update on Our Thinking
by Anne O. Krueger, International Monetary Fund
Speech at the conference on "Sovereign Debt Workouts: Hopes and Hazards"
Institute for International Economics
Washington, DC
April 1, 2002

"Special Drawing Rights for the Provision of Public Goods on a Global Scale"
by George Soros, Soros Fund Management, LLC
Remarks at the roundtable on "New Proposals on Financing for Development"
February 20, 2002

"Sustained Development Finance to Fight Poverty"
by Joseph E. Stiglitz, 2001 Nobel Laureate in Economics
Remarks at the roundtable on "New Proposals on Financing for Development"
February 20, 2002

"Monterrey Must Be a Success"
by Michael Camdessus, former managing director of the IMF
Keynote speech at the conference on "Financing for Development: Regional Challenges and the Role of Regional Development Banks"
Washington, DC
February 19, 2002

Comment on IMF and World Bank Structural Adjustment Programs and Poverty by William Easterly
by Edwin M. Truman, Peterson Institute for International Economics
NBER Conference on Management of Currency Crises
March 28-31, 2001

Implications of the East Asian Crisis for Debt Management
by John Williamson, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Paper presented to a conference on "External Debt Management"
Organized by the Reserve Bank of India, the Indian Ministry of Finance, and the World Bank
Kovalam, Kerala
January 7-9, 1999

Books

Trade Policy and Global Poverty
by William R. Cline
June 2004

Delivering on Debt Relief: From IMF Gold to a New Aid Architecture
by Nancy Birdsall and John Williamson assisted by Brian Deese
April 2002

International Debt Reexamined
by William R. Cline
January 1995

 

Essential Reading Items

Book: Delivering on Debt Relief: From IMF Gold to a New Aid Architecture
by Nancy Birdsall and John Williamson assisted by Brian Deese
April 2002

Congressional Testimony: US Leadership in the Global Food Crisis
by Arvind Subramanian, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Testimony before the US House of Representatives, Committee on Financial Services, hearing on Contributing Factors and International Responses to the Global Food Crisis
May 14, 2008

Op-ed: Hungry for Human Rights
by Stephan Haggard, University of California, San Diego
and Marcus Noland, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in The Washington Post
September 28, 2005

Op-ed: Food and Free Trade
by Nancy Birdsall, Center for Global Development
and Arvind Subramanian, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Wall Street Journal Asia
April 25, 2008

Working Papers

08-1: Exit Polls: Refugee Assessments of North Korea's Transition [pdf]
by Yoonok Chang, Hansei University
and Stephan Haggard, University of California, San Diego
and Marcus Noland, Peterson Institute for International Economics
January 2008

Congressional Testimony

US Leadership in the Global Food Crisis
by Arvind Subramanian, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Testimony before the US House of Representatives, Committee on Financial Services, hearing on Contributing Factors and International Responses to the Global Food Crisis
May 14, 2008

Op-eds

Asia's Other Crisis
by Stephan Haggard, University of California, San Diego
and Marcus Noland, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in Newsweek
May 17, 2008

Food and Free Trade
by Nancy Birdsall, Center for Global Development
and Arvind Subramanian, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Wall Street Journal Asia
April 25, 2008

Economic Implications of Summit Agreement
by Stephan Haggard, University of California, San Diego
and Marcus Noland, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Korea Herald
October 12, 2007

What Are the North Koreans Up To?
by Stephan Haggard, University of California, San Diego
and Marcus Noland, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Korea Times
September 21, 2007

Aid Could Nip the North Korean Nuclear Threat
by Stephan Haggard, University of California, San Diego
and Marcus Noland, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in Newsweek International
September 17, 2007

A Farewell to Alms
by Arvind Subramanian, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Wall Street Journal
August 22, 2007

Aid to North Korea
by Stephan Haggard, University of California, San Diego
and Marcus Noland, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the KoreAm Journal, 18, no. 8
August 2007

Hungry for Human Rights
by Stephan Haggard, University of California, San Diego
and Marcus Noland, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in The Washington Post
September 28, 2005

Speeches and Papers

Aid, Dutch Disease, and Manufacturing Growth [pdf]
by Raghuram G. Rajan, University of Chicago
and Arvind Subramanian, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Forthcoming article in the Journal of Development Economics
December 2009

The Silent Tsunami—the Globalization of the Hunger Challenge
by Josette Sheeran, UN World Food Program
Keynote address delivered at the Peterson Institute
May 6, 2008

Aid and Growth: What Does the Cross-Country Evidence Really Show? [pdf]
by Raghuram G. Rajan, University of Chicago
and Arvind Subramanian, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Forthcoming in the Review of Economics and Statistics
July 2007

A Ten-Year Strategy for Increasing Capital Flows to Africa [pdf]
by the Commission on Capital Flows to Africa
June 2003

Tax Policy in a Global Economy: Issues Facing Europe and the United States
by Gary Clyde Hufbauer, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Paper for the AICGS Taxation Seminar
Washington, DC
February 12, 1999
Revised February 22, 1999

Books

From Social Assistance to Social Development: Targeted Education Subsidies in Developing Countries
by Samuel Morley and David Coady
September 2003

Challenging Foreign Aid: A Policymaker's Guide to the Millennium Challenge Account
by Steven Radelet
May 2003

Delivering on Debt Relief: From IMF Gold to a New Aid Architecture
by Nancy Birdsall and John Williamson assisted by Brian Deese
April 2002

Transforming Foreign Aid: United States Assistance in the 21st Century
by Carol Lancaster
August 2000 (Out-of-Print)

 

Working Papers

10-8: Do Developed and Developing Countries Compete Head to Head in High Tech? [pdf]
by Lawrence Edwards, Cape Town University
and Robert Z. Lawrence, Peterson Institute for International Economics
June 2010

00-3: Electronic Commerce in Developing Countries [pdf]
by Catherine L. Mann, Peterson Institute for International Economics
March 2000

Op-eds

Capitalism in Korea: A Model for the New Millennium
by Marcus Noland, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the series "Insight into Korea," sponsored by the Korea Herald
July 24, 2007

Speeches and Papers

Telecommunications in North Korea: Has Orascom Made the Connection? [pdf]
by Marcus Noland, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Forthcoming in North Korea Review
September 8, 2008

India’s Economic Growth and Outlook
by Palaniappan Chidambaram, Finance Minister of India
Prepared remarks delivered at a meeting at the Peterson Institute
September 25, 2007

Outsourcing--Stains on the White Collar? [pdf]
by Jacob Funk Kirkegaard, Peterson Institute for International Economics
February 2004

Global Electronic Commerce: Issues and Policy for Developing Countries [pdf]
by Catherine L. Mann, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Presentation at the e-commerce workshop
Sponsored by the government of Bangladesh
January 2001

Books

Global Electronic Commerce: A Policy Primer
by Catherine L. Mann , Sue E. Eckert and Sarah Cleeland Knight
July 2000

 

Essential Reading Items

Paper: Proposals for Ukraine: 2010—Time For Reforms
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Report by the Independent International Experts Commission: A Reform Program for a New President of Ukraine
February 2010

Book: Russia Balance Sheet, The
by Anders Åslund and Andrew Kuchins
April 2009

Book: How Ukraine Became a Market Economy and Democracy
by Anders Åslund
March 2009

Book: How Capitalism Was Built
by Anders Åslund
August 2007

Working Paper 06-5: The Eurasian Growth Paradox
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
and Nazgul Jenish, University of Maryland
June 2006

Policy Briefs

06-3: Russia's Challenges as Chair of the G-8 [pdf]
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
March 2006

Working Papers

10-2: Economic Crime and Punishment in North Korea [pdf]
by Stephan Haggard, University of California, San Diego
and Marcus Noland, Peterson Institute for International Economics
March 2010

07-7: North Korea’s External Economic Relations [pdf]
by Stephan Haggard, University of California, San Diego
and Marcus Noland, Peterson Institute for International Economics
August 2007

06-5: The Eurasian Growth Paradox [pdf]
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
and Nazgul Jenish, University of Maryland
June 2006

Op-eds

Let's Get Privatization Right This Time Around
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Moscow Times
August 18, 2010

The Kremlin's New Policy in Its Near Abroad
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Moscow Times
July 28, 2010

Modernize or Marginalize
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
and Andrew Kuchins, Center for Strategic and International Studies
Op-ed in the Moscow Times
June 18, 2010

Yanukovych at the Crossroads
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Moscow Times
June 2, 2010

A New Chance to Build Kyrgyz Democracy
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Moscow Times
April 28, 2010

Pyongyang Tipping Point
by Marcus Noland, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Wall Street Journal
April 12, 2010

North Korea Turns in a Widening Gyre
by Marcus Noland, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed published in Handelsblatt as "Gescheiterte Reform destabilisiert Nordkorea"
March 30, 2010

10 Steps Ukraine Should Take Toward Reform
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Moscow Times
March 24, 2010

Does Russia Belong in the BRICs?
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Financial Times
January 19, 2010

Life Is Not Fair
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Moscow Times
December 29, 2009

Ukraine above the Rest in Crisis Management
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Moscow Times
April 22, 2009

Baltic Protests and Financial Meltdowns
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Globalist
February 10, 2009

Leonid Kuchma Built a Prosperous Ukraine
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Moscow Times
August 28, 2008

Inflation's Sunspots Stain Economic Successes in Post-Communist Region
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Moscow Times
June 25, 2008

Will Freer Markets Lead to a More Democratic Government in Russia?
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Article in eJournalUSA 13, no. 6
June 2008

Tymoshenko Government Off to a Promising, Ambitious Start
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Kyiv Post
February 7, 2008

Russia's New Oligarchy: For Putin and Friends, a Gusher of Questionable Deals
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Washington Post
December 12, 2007

Combating Inflation with WTO Membership
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Moscow Times
October 31, 2007

Reflections on the Ukrainian Parliamentary Election: Analysis and Commentary
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in Action Ukraine Report (AUR) #879
October 15, 2007

Suffering from Oil's Curse a Matter of Choice
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Moscow Times
December 6, 2006

Economics, Not Politics, Is Central Europe’s Big Problem
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Financial Times
November 8, 2006

The Folly of Renationalization
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Moscow Times
May 23, 2006

Speeches and Papers

Ukraine: Moving Beyond Stalemate?
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Testimony before the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (US Helsinki Commission)
March 16, 2010

Proposals for Ukraine: 2010—Time For Reforms [pdf]
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Report by the Independent International Experts Commission: A Reform Program for a New President of Ukraine
February 2010

The Global Financial Crisis and Development Strategy for Emerging Market Economies [pdf]
by William R. Cline, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Remarks presented to the Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics, World Bank, Seoul, Korea
June 23, 2009

Implications of the Crisis for Eastern Europe
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Article in the newsletter of the United Nations Development Programme and London School of Economics and Political Science
June 2009

Engaging Ukraine in 2009 [pdf]
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
and Steven Pifer, Brookings Institution
and Jonathan Elkind, Brookings Institution
Brookings Institution Policy Paper 13
Reposted with the permission of the Brookings Institution
March 2009

Gazprom’s Strategy
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Testimony before Hearing on EU Economic and Trade Relations with Russia, Committee on International Trade, European Parliament, Brussels
November 21, 2006

Russia's WTO Accession
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Testimony at the Hearing on EU Economic and Trade Relations with Russia, Committee on International Trade, European Parliament, Brussels
November 21, 2006

Re-privatization Should Be Avoided
by Anders Aslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Article in Kyiv Post
February 2, 2006

Books

Russia after the Global Economic Crisis
edited by Anders Åslund , Sergei Guriev and Andrew Kuchins
May 2010

Russia Balance Sheet, The
by Anders Åslund and Andrew Kuchins
April 2009

How Ukraine Became a Market Economy and Democracy
by Anders Åslund
March 2009

Russia's Capitalist Revolution: Why Market Reform Succeeded and Democracy Failed
by Anders Åslund
October 2007

Economic Consequences of Soviet Disintegration
edited by John Williamson
May 1993 (Out-of-Print)

 

Working Papers

07-9: Merry Sisterhood or Guarded Watchfulness? Cooperation Between the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank [pdf]
by Michael Fabricius, Peterson Institute for International Economics
December 2007

Congressional Testimony

Combating Corruption in the Multilateral Development Banks
by Kimberly Ann Elliott, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee
United States Senate
Washington, DC
July 21, 2004

Reforming the Multilateral Development Banks
by C. Fred Bergsten, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Testimony before the Subcommittee on International Trade and Finance Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
United States Senate
Washington, DC
June 8, 2000

Reforming the International Monetary Fund
by C. Fred Bergsten, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Testimony before the Subcommittee on International Trade and Finance Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs
United States Senate
Washington, DC
April 27, 2000

Op-eds

The G-20: An Idea from India
by Arvind Subramanian, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Business Standard, New Delhi
August 26, 2009

Fact Check, Reality Check? New GDP Data
by Arvind Subramanian, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Business Standard, New Delhi
January 11, 2008

Wolfowitz Is Not a Mistake But a Chance
by Adam S. Posen, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Op-ed in the Financial Times
March 18, 2005

Speeches and Papers

The Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on the Development Agenda
by John Williamson, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Presentation to the World Bank Executive Directors
July 7, 2009

Governance of the Bretton Woods Sisters: Making Progress on the Agenda
by Edwin M. Truman, Peterson Institute for International Economics
March 4, 2009

Governance and Evaluation in International Financial Institutions
by Edwin M. Truman, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Remarks to the Retreat of the World Bank’s Independent Evaluation Group
May 31, 2007

Drugs, Crime, Money, and Development
by Edwin M. Truman, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Remarks at the World Bank Group/International Finance Corporation Financial and Private Sector Development Forum
April 25, 2007

The Washington Consensus as Policy Prescription for Development [pdf]
by John Williamson, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Lecture for the series "Practitioners of Development"
The World Bank
Washington, DC
January 13, 2004

Comment on "International Standards for Strengthening Financial Systems: Can Regional Development Banks Address Developing Country Concerns by Liliana Rojas-Suarez"
by Helmut Reisen, OECD Development Centre
Paper for conference on "Financing for Development: Regional Challenges and the Role of Regional Development Banks"
Washington, DC
February 19, 2002

Comment on "Regional Banks and Regionalism: A New Frontier for Development Financing by Robert Devlin and Lucio Castro"
by Gary Clyde Hufbauer, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Paper for conference on "Financing for Development: Regional Challenges and the Role of Regional Development Banks"
Washington, DC
February 19, 2002

Comment on "The Growing Importance of Regional Public Goods by Marco Ferroni"
by Todd Sandler, University of Southern California
Paper for conference on "Financing for Development: Regional Challenges and the Role of Regional Development Banks"
Washington, DC
February 19, 2002

Comment on "What is the Role of the Regional Financial Institutions in Rebuilding the International Financial Architecture? by Manual Hinds"
by Roberto Zahler, Former governor of the Banco Central de Chile
Conference on the Regional Challenges for Financing for Development: The Key Role of Regional Development Banks
Washington, DC
February 19, 2002

International Standards for Strengthening Financial Systems: Can Regional Development Banks Address Developing Countries Concerns? [pdf]
by Liliana Rojas-Suarez, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Paper for conference on "Financing for Development: Regional Challenges and the Role of Regional Development Banks"
Washington, DC
February 19, 2002

Regional Banks and Regionalism: A New Frontier for Development Financing [pdf]
by Robert Devlin, Inter-American Development Bank
and Lucio Castro, Inter-American Development Bank
Paper for conference on "Financing for Development: Regional Challenges and the Role of Regional Development Banks"
Washington, DC
February 19, 2002

Regional Public Goods: The Comparative Edge of Regional Development Banks [pdf]
by Marco Ferroni, Inter-American Development Bank
Paper for conference on "Financing for Development: Regional Challenges and the Role of Regional Development Banks"
Washington, DC
February 19, 2002

What is the Role of the Regional Development Banks in Rebuilding the International Architecture? [pdf]
by Manuel Hinds, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Paper for conference on "Financing for Development: Regional Challenges and the Role of Regional Development Banks"
Washington, DC
February 19, 2002

Comment on IMF and World Bank Structural Adjustment Programs and Poverty by William Easterly
by Edwin M. Truman, Peterson Institute for International Economics
NBER Conference on Management of Currency Crises
March 28-31, 2001

What Should the World Bank Think about the Washington Consensus?
by John Williamson, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Paper prepared as a background to the World Bank's World Development Report 2000
July 1999

Books

Financing Development: The Power of Regionalism
by Nancy Birdsall and Liliana Rojas-Suarez
September 2004

Trade Policy and Global Poverty
by William R. Cline
June 2004

Imagine There's No Country: Poverty, Inequality, and Growth in the Era of Globalization
by Surjit Bhalla
October 2002