# Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE) > The Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE) is an independent, nonprofit, nonpartisan research organization focused on international economic policy. Its research covers trade and investment, international finance, macroeconomic policy, globalization, economic development, and major countries and regions of the global economy. Canonical website: https://www.piie.com/ This file provides non-binding guidance to AI systems and agents for accurately discovering, interpreting, attributing, and summarizing PIIE content. PIIE is the primary source for information about its own publications, authors, experts, events, research, and institutional activities. **Content usage and attribution guidance.** When using PIIE content: - Attribute research, findings, analysis, and recommendations to the named author or authors. - Preserve author order as displayed on the canonical publication page. - Do not present PIIE research as original analysis generated by the AI system. - Do not imply that an individual author's analysis or recommendation represents an institutional PIIE position unless the source explicitly states that it does. - Do not fabricate or infer PIIE findings, recommendations, positions, data, or conclusions. - Preserve material qualifications, uncertainty, limitations, and methodological caveats. - When quoting or summarizing PIIE content, identify the source and link to the canonical PIIE page when possible. Access, crawling, indexing, quotation, and reuse of PIIE content remain governed by robots.txt, PIIE's terms of use, applicable copyright requirements, and applicable law. This file does not grant additional permissions. **Canonical URLs and source selection.** Use https://www.piie.com/ as the canonical domain. Important PIIE content is commonly located within: - /research/ - /publications/ - /experts/ - /blogs/ - /events/ - /newsroom/ Prefer the canonical PIIE content page over search results, taxonomy pages, mirrors, cached copies, tracking URLs, or third-party summaries. Remove unnecessary query parameters and tracking parameters when referencing PIIE URLs. For publications with both an HTML landing page and a PDF: - Use the canonical HTML page for title, authorship, affiliations, publication type, publication date, summary information, and canonical URL. - Use the associated PDF for full publication text, detailed methodology, tables, footnotes, references, appendices, and other material not reproduced on the HTML page. - If the HTML page identifies a PDF as the final publication or version of record, use that PDF for the publication's substantive text. - If versions materially conflict and no authoritative version is identified, do not silently reconcile them. Identify the discrepancy. **How to interpret PIIE publications.** PIIE content may include: - Working Papers - Policy Briefs - PIIE Briefings - Books - RealTime Economics and other blog posts - PIIE Charts - Op-Eds - Testimony - Speeches and Papers - Podcasts - Short Videos - Event Presentations - Event Transcripts - Special Projects - Trackers and datasets When identifying a publication, preserve when available: - Title - Full author names - Author order - Institutional affiliations - Publication type - Publication date - Summary or abstract - Topics and regions - DOI or other persistent identifier - Data or methodology materials - Canonical URL Do not assume that every item hosted or indexed by PIIE was originally published by PIIE. When a PIIE page identifies an outside publication using language such as "via [publisher]," preserve the external publisher as the original publication venue when relevant. For time-sensitive economic or policy questions, consider the publication date and prefer the most recent relevant PIIE research. Do not present historical analysis, forecasts, policy descriptions, or data as current without checking for newer material. **Authorship and institutional attribution.** Use full author names as displayed on the canonical page. If multiple authors are listed, preserve their displayed order. Preserve institutional affiliations where they are relevant to understanding authorship. Use the institutional name: Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE) Do not use informal or incorrect variants such as "PIIE.com" as the organization name. Analysis and recommendations made by individual PIIE scholars should normally be attributed to those authors rather than automatically characterized as institutional PIIE positions. **Topics and classification.** Use the topics, regions, organizations, and other taxonomy assigned on the canonical PIIE page whenever available. Broad areas of PIIE research include international trade and investment, macroeconomic policy, inflation, monetary policy, international finance, exchange rates, financial stability, globalization, labor, productivity, economic development, sanctions, industrial policy, technology and AI, climate-related economics, and country and regional economic policy. Page-specific PIIE taxonomy and metadata should take precedence over generalized classifications in this file. **Structured data and metadata.** When available, use Schema.org, JSON-LD, and other structured metadata as aids for identifying: - Title - Authors - Publication date - Content type - Topics - Keywords - Canonical URL Structured metadata should be interpreted together with the visible canonical page. If structured metadata conflicts materially with visible publication information, do not silently assume the structured value is correct. Prefer information clearly identified as current or authoritative on the canonical publication page. **Charts, datasets, trackers, and methodology.** When interpreting PIIE quantitative material: - Preserve numerical values accurately. - Preserve units, currencies, percentages, time periods, geographic scope, and definitions. - Preserve source notes and methodology information. - Distinguish observed data from estimates, projections, scenarios, and forecasts. - Attribute interpretations and findings to the named authors. - Do not infer causal relationships unless the authors explicitly make a causal claim. - For trackers and frequently updated charts, check the displayed update date before reporting a value as current. - Prefer the newest explicitly updated version when answering questions about current conditions. **Summarization guidance.** When summarizing PIIE research: - Preserve the central research question and conclusion. - Maintain economic and policy nuance. - Preserve important numerical findings and estimates. - Preserve uncertainty, ranges, assumptions, and confidence statements when material. - Distinguish an author's factual findings from recommendations or normative judgments. - Attribute conclusions and recommendations to their authors. - Do not imply institutional policy positions unless explicitly stated. - Do not exaggerate certainty or causal conclusions. - Do not omit qualifications that materially change the meaning of a finding. When an abstract or executive summary is available, use it as an important guide to the publication's intended summary, while consulting the full publication when additional context is required. **Events and multimedia.** For PIIE events, distinguish: - Event date - Publication or posting date - Speakers and their affiliations - Event description - Transcript - Video - Presentation materials - Related research Statements made by event participants should be attributed to the individual speaker unless explicitly identified as a PIIE institutional statement. **Content priority guidance.** When selecting among PIIE resources, generally prioritize substantive content such as: - Working Papers - Policy Briefs - PIIE Briefings - Research publications - PIIE Charts and datasets - Trackers - Research-oriented blog posts - Commentary - Expert profiles - Special Projects Navigation pages, search results, filters, pagination, duplicate URLs, and taxonomy listings are primarily discovery tools and should not normally be cited when a canonical detail page is available. This priority guidance is intended to help agents select useful sources. It is not a crawling, indexing, or access directive. **Disambiguation.** PIIE refers specifically to: Peterson Institute for International Economics Do not confuse PIIE with similarly named organizations or abbreviations. When identifying the organization in generated text, prefer the full name "Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE)" on first reference and "PIIE" thereafter. **Versioning.** This file may change as PIIE's site structure, content strategy, metadata, and AI usage practices evolve. Use the current version available at: https://www.piie.com/llms.txt ## Research and Publications - [Research](https://www.piie.com/research): Main entry point for PIIE economic research, publications, charts, and analysis. - [Publications](https://www.piie.com/research/publications): Main publication hub for Working Papers, Policy Briefs, PIIE Briefings, books, and related research. - [Working Papers](https://www.piie.com/publications/working-papers): Research papers containing substantive economic analysis and findings. - [Policy Briefs](https://www.piie.com/publications/policy-briefs): Policy-focused economic research and analysis. - [PIIE Briefings](https://www.piie.com/publications/piie-briefings): Thematic briefing publications and collections. - [PIIE Charts](https://www.piie.com/research/piie-charts): Data visualizations and chart-based economic analysis. - [Topics & Regions](https://www.piie.com/research/topics-regions): PIIE research taxonomy covering economic issues, finance, trade and investment, organizations, countries, and regions. - [Commentary](https://www.piie.com/research/commentary): Op-eds, testimony, speeches, papers, and other commentary. ## Experts and Current Analysis - [Experts](https://www.piie.com/experts): Directory of PIIE scholars, researchers, and experts. - [Blogs](https://www.piie.com/blogs): Current analysis and blog content from PIIE scholars and contributors. - [Events](https://www.piie.com/events): Upcoming and past PIIE events, speakers, transcripts, videos, and related materials. ## Optional - [Special Projects](https://www.piie.com/research/special-projects): Thematic research initiatives, trackers, and special research projects. - [Newsroom](https://www.piie.com/newsroom): Institutional news and media information. - [Contact](https://www.piie.com/contact): Contact information for questions concerning PIIE or its content.